Explain the concept of an indulgence?

 

1.   With what action did Henry VIII bring the Reformation to England?

2.   Explain the concept of an indulgence?

3.   Explain the Copernican view of the universe.  Explain the system it replaced.

4.   Explain the difference between absolute and parliamentary monarchy.

5.   Which two natural philosophers are credited with the invention of Calculus?

6.   Explain the doctrine of transubstantiation.  Why did the English demand its refutation in their public servants in the 17^th century?

7.   What treaty ended the Thirty Years’ War and what was its main stipulation?

8.   How does Jacques Barzun differentiate between “king” and “monarch?”

9.   For what is Oliver Cromwell known?

10.   Explain the Glorious Revolution.  Why was it so called?

11.   Who was the greatest beneficiary of the French and Indian War and why?

12.   Explain Deism.

13.   Who aided the Americans during their War of Independence and why?

14.   With what was Galileo charged by the Church and why?

15.   Name and explain the Intolerable Acts.

 

 

Essays (50 points)

Pick two questions (25 points each) to answer in one to two typed pages, each.

(double-spaced, 12-point font).

 

1.   How did the Thirty Years’ War affect the idea of unity of the German states?

2.   Do you believe that the American colonists were justified in revolting against British power?  Why or why not?

3.   Explain the European wars that spilled over into the Colonies and how they can be seen as causal factors in the American Revolution.

4.   How did the knowledge of science and nature influence people’s ideas about God and religion?

5.   Compare and contrast the reasons given by the textbook for Columbus’ voyage with those given by Loewen.  Why are there different reasons and stories associated with the same events?

 

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